In the Warsaw Ghetto 1940-1943 An Account of a Witness. The Memoirs of Stanisław Adler

A typist in JP. Konheim's wife.

A prewar comedian, who performed in the cabaret in Leszno Street.

The treasurer and accountant of the Jewish Police, nominated by Szerynski. Becomes administrator of the Jewish Polic...

An activist of the underground Armia Ludowa (the People's Army). Adler and Zeldowiczowa were hiding in her flat.

The head of Engineers Union, in October 1940 he was arrested by Gestapo and taken to Pawiak prison where he was tort...

A pickpocket from Lodz, he anticipated he would have troubles with getting job in the Jewish Police so he filed circ...

before the war a well prospering entrepreneur, although he did not have secondary education; the head of the House C...

Wife of the head of the Housing Committee in Adler's house. During the Gestapo search she unintentionally gave-away...

A thirteen-year-old, put forward a proposal to create a junior team of the Order Service (Jewish police) JP for chil...

A barrister from Zylbersztajn's team, which tracked irregularities and embezzlement in the Jewish Police.

A barrister from the Disciplinary Section team, which searched for irregularities and embezzlement among the functio...

A baker from District I.

Employed in the accounting department of the Judenrat. Edits a a political newspaper at home and at the office.

The King of Gypsies in 1942, led their convoy which was sent to the ghetto.

A Warsaw barrister, in 1944 arrives in Anin on horseback, takes Adler and Zeldowiczowa from their hideout.

Employed in the Resettlement Commission, he is in charge of questioning people who were suspected of not paying taxe...

A superintendent in Schultz's shop - he knows about the upcoming deportation and orders his workers to hide. Stayed...

An SS man, cycled the streets of the ghetto and shoots at anyone he sees.

One of Caritas members - a war neophyte converted in September 1939.

a Judenrat member, Gepner's assistant in the Department of Supply [of the Judenrat]

Made a fortune rescuing arrested Jews from prison and cancelling confiscations of property with Heller. For some tim...

The head of the Department of Health [of the Judenrat], became Christian.

Inspector, Hendel's subordinate. He never missed the opportunity to give Adler to understand that he should vacate h...

An engineer. A veteran of 1905 - spent a lot of time in exile in Syberia. Dies in 1942.

an SS general; used to drive in his car along the deserted streets of the ghetto, get out of the car on the corner o...

Actually Henryk Goldszmit. Doctor, author of books for children: King Matt the First (Krol Macius Pierwszy), Koszalk...

After Szerynski took the post, he became the head of the Third Department - Economic. Recommended by Kupczykier.

A student of law - kills a gendarme.

Członek Związku Cukrowników. Przed przyjściem Szeryńskiego zajmuje stanowisko Szefa nadzoru.Szef departamentu zajmuj...

A lawyer - Adler's assistant. Stays in the Jewish Police even when he gets a proposal of a well-paid job in the Cent...

A baker from Dictrict I.

Comes from Bremen, employed over 30,000 people in his shop, most of them paid enormous bribes to get the job.

A barrister arrested by the Germans as he was their enemy. Manages to escape to Lvov and then to Lithuania.

An acquaintance whom Adler met in the building of the Legal Department [of the Judenrat]. He tried to convince him t...

A group commander of District I. Intercepted all the bread that the Jewish Police got from the bakers.

A barrister from Zylberstein's team, which tracked irregularities and misuse of funds among Jewish Police functionar...

An ex-senator, together with Adler and Schipper thinks how to protect books left by the deported.

A barrister, an advisor in the Ministry of Justice, a deputy of the head of the General Secretariat [of the Judenrat...

Before the war worked for Orbis. Later on was the director of Czerniakow's private secretariat.

Well-off, sold irons, 10000 zloty of debt (payments for the Commission for Deportation Affairs). When functionaries...

Meets Adler for the first time in April 1941; earlier worked at Weisblat's; becomes Adler's assistant, copes well wi...

Adler's friend taken during the blockade of the houses in Mila Street on 18 January 1943. He climbs onto a roof and...

A Gestapo functionary, group commander in the Labour Department; he unlawfully occupied a flat in Leszno Street, thr...

One of the chief editors of 'Nasz Przeglad'.

A soldier of the Austrian Army and later also Polish Army. A member of the Legal Commission, the Disciplinary Tribun...

The wife of Samuel, the journalist who was in Toulouse, Lisbon and the United States. His wife was in the Warsaw ghe...

Former head of the Generali insurance company. Szerynski's brother-in-law, appointed Goldsztejn's deputy. Chief of t...

Skler's deputy. In Skler's absence he commands the District V

Doctor, a former parliament member, in the ghetto he writes a book and he mentions it to Adler.

Syn znanego kantora z warszawskiej synagogi. Przewodniczy sekcji Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża działającej w getcie.

Legal advisor to Ganewajch. He knows Adler from pre-war times when they met in Sopot and Orlow.

Adler znał go jeszcze przed wojną i spotykał na wakacjach, które spędzał w domu swoich rodziców. Na rok przed wojną...

The Czyste Jewish Hospital director

He was called the Pope's ambassador, member of the Caritas. Administrator of the Haberbusch and Schiele Company.

Councillor. Deported with his family on 18 January 1943.

Head of the department of the Czyste Jewish Hospital.

Stoi na czele funkcjonariuszy Urzędu do Walki z Lichwą. Jest szmalcownikiem- mieszka po aryjskiej stronie, nie nosi...

Real name: Szenkman. He was the head of the organisational department of the Polish Police headquarters. Later, he b...

A young boy, hidden by Zenon Siekieski in his flat in Saska Kepa

Konheim's trusted man, a confident keeping an eye on actions of the new the Jewish Police (Order Service) command wi...

A lawyer from Zylbersztajn's team which traced abuse and embezzlement among the functionaries of the Order Service (...

Adler's uncle - had problems with the law because he hid furniture from his daughter's apartment on the 'Aryan side'...

Stueckgold's acquaintance, when he has problems and gets summons to Szucha Avenue, he offers him help for 3,000 zlot...

protector of Gancwajch and members of the 'Thirteen', a Gestapo functionary

Adler's brother-in-law

A barrister

Grandson of a famous leader of the Zionist movement, accused of offending W.Rozensztat. Student of an English school.

At the age of 19 he has a very high opinion of himself and is appointed Adler's assistant. He wanted to join the mil...

Adler's assistant, a son of a well-known lawyer killed in January 1940

A Jewish Police archivist. He worked out and documented abuses in the food rationing in the Section for Assistance i...

A businessman, but also an electrician and a handy man. Together with Adler moves to the old shelter.

the Author's sister

A writer, lives in Saska Kepa with his mother. In 1943, he hid Adler, Zeldowiczowa and young Jewish boy (Szereszewsk...

chief of District I. Soon afterwards he left the Order Service (Jewish police)

A German owner of the shops in the ghetto.

Deputy chief of District I.

Criminal lawyer, disciplinary councillor, he works on Sachsenhaus' case and talks about him in a critical way. He hi...

He is appointed in Adler's absence for his post in the Housing Office.

Head of the Department of Finance and Budget, he delivers underground press to Adler and helps speed up the receptio...

The chef of District I, which comprsied the southern part of the small ghetto; later transfered to the poorer Distri...

Adler's friend who complains to him about a great number of corrupt Jewish Police functionaries. One of the few who...

A refugee from Germany, Szerynski's chauffeur.

Started his work for the Jewish Police at the beginning of November 1940. Incorporated by Szerynski into the Discipl...

A colonel in the Polish Police, had good contacts with the headquarters of the Jewish Police; he used them to suppor...

Adler's colleague, employed at the Law Department, but also as a judge in the court of second instance. Employed as...

A young man after a high school, a son of a wealthy owner of a lottery. He demanded a bribe from a man who was illeg...

He worked conscientiously in the General Secretariat of the Judenrat; during sparse free time took driving lessons.

A Judenrat member; Gepner's assistant in the Supply Department.

A great pre-war censor- in a positive sense as Adler points. Together with Adler they take part in a debating group....

Appointed deputy chairman after Lichtenbaum took the post.

The former administrator of the house at Gesia Street; without any university degree. He was on a high administrativ...

The chief officer of District II, that is the northern part of the small ghetto and the southern part of the big ghe...

German Schultz's shop's chain administrator. Employs 8,000 people.

a new Adler's assistant, lawyer of Adler's age, with huge pre-war working practice. Adler transfers him to Inspection

German journalist and sculptor of a Jewish-Polish descent. He was in contact with Germans during negotiations regard...

Court reporter of 'Nasz Przeglad', he began working for the Jewish Police in November 1940, during recruitment he sp...

The leader of a group appointed by the Germans to deliver scrap mental to the Germans. Considered a thief and collab...

Adler's client in summer 1941.

an activist of the underground People's Army (Armia Ludowa), in his flat Adler and Mrs. Zeldowicz were hiding

Hendel's beloved, in 1942 she was sent to Vittel camp in France, perhaps that is why Hendel disappeared from Warsaw...

King of the smugglers.

German plenipotentiary from the housing board in District I.

The best comic in the ghetto - he replaced Krukowski. He later joined the Gestapo.

His ambulance is used in 1941 as a means of transport to get through the 'Aryan side' of the town.

Son of a lawyer from Eastern Galicia; after completing his studies, he spent several years in General Public Prosecu...

Lawyer, joins the Jewish Police, when the Jewish Police guards German labour camps.

a Volksdeutch, exacts payments from tenants; he applies very cruel methods, beats with a wooden bat, throws furnitur...

Former captain in the Austrian Army, Lederman's favourite, but Szerynski didn't like him. Head of the Health Centres...

Przed wojną asystent prokuratora, i wykładowca w szkole policyjnej w Piotrkowie, przeniósł się później do Warszawy i...

Młody prawnik, ambitny, dobrze wychowany i energiczny, lecz nieszanujący swoich kolegów. Ukrywał przed dłużnikami sw...

In autumn 1941 he returned to Warsaw from Lvov, a lawyer, prosecutor in many disciplinary tribunal cases; he joins t...

a doctor, worked for the Jewish Police. Fajcyn's friend. Lives with Adler in one flat. In January 1943 they managed...

He was included by Szerynski into the disciplinary section of the secretary's office as the deputy chief of the chai...

head of the Technical and Construction Section [of the Judenrat], deals with supplying Germans with goods required b...

deputy chairman of the Judenrat, appointed Furst as the head of the economic department. Next deputy secretary of th...

An assessor, early in his career judge Witunski assistant. Assigned by Szerynski on the post of head of the Administ...

Publisher, announced Szereszynski's candidacy for the head of the JP (Jewish Police).

Lewinson's mother; an elderly woman, in January 1943 she manages to hide in a bunker with her son and Adler and wait...

His body is found in the flat of Fabian G.

He spent a lot of time in Lodz as an editor of a pacifist, anti-Nazi magazine. The head of the Office to Combat Prof...

Adler's friend, a lawyer, often presides at disciplinary committees in the Legal Department.

He calls himself head of the United House Committee of Chlodna Street, between Wronia and Zelazna Streets.

The barrister who conducted the affairs of the Health Department

Baker from District I.

German administrator in Schultz's shop.

He is in the same convoy as director H. but he cannot summon up the courage to run away. He escapes the convoy, call...

Swieca's brother-in-law, one of the first members of the Legal Department, after a short time transferred to another...

A barrister arrested as an enemy by the Germans - dies in jail.

Barrister, after Szerynski took the post he joins the Jewish Police. A member of screening board. The head of the De...

An officer in the Austrian army from the time of the World War I. Translates the Jewish Police orders into German be...

One of the (American) Jewish Distribution Committee (JOINT) directors, when the war breaks out, he is in Vienna. He...

Son of a well-known ghetto banker and industrialist; reserve officer, recently admitted to the Jewish Police (SP). I...

Prosecutor in the Warsaw District Court, he had connections among sanction circles. Szerynski appoints him the deput...

Criminal lawyer. After Szerynski took the post, head of the Personnel Department II. Later, deputy of Schonenbach, s...

The head of the Supply Office, became Christian.

A Judenrat member, Gepner's assistant in the the Department of Supply. Deported on 18 January 1943 together with his...

Member of the Legal Commission [of the Judenrat]. He was not much engaged in the community matters. He becomes a cou...

A major, the Anti-Epidemic Commissioner, became Christian.

The main person in the Department of Supply. Deported on 18 January 1943 together with his family.

Region commander of the Jewish Police, in 1942 - head of the Jewish prison, told Adler the story of Lubliner's death.

A doctor, who promised to vaccinate Adler against typhus, but he did not manage since he was shot in the street.

He substituted Horenstein as head of the General Secretariat of the Judenrat. His past is unknown. After 22 July 194...

The Superintendent of the Polish Police in Warsaw. Shot in 1943 by an underground court for hostile actions towards...

Judenrat member, chairman of the Labour Section

Ekspert od prawa cywilnego i administracyjnego. Dawny członek Ministerstwa Fnansów Rzeczypospolitej, w 1941 członek...

He came from a rather poor family and earned money for his legal studies giving private lessons. A lawyer, before th...

brother of the councillor Rozensztat, an engineer, a school headmaster.

He managed the ghetto in Lodz. His policy was based on collecting valuables, fur coats and foreign currency from the...

A beggar, who sang in the streets of the ghetto 'Everybody's equal'. His aphorisms were known in the whole ghetto, p...

Padre Ronikier, pierwszy prezesa grupy przechszczonych Żydów, którzy pozostawali na zewnątrz getta podczas jego twor...

A psychiatrist and a Warsaw representative of the sanatorium in Zofiowka.

She proposed a plan to protect the children of the ghetto, a plan which she carried out during the First World War....

From March 1941 to autumn 1941 he was the Deputy Chief of the I district. He dealt with the region's soup assignment.

A lawyer, he joins the Jewish Police the Jewish Police guards German labour camps.

A doctor and a Judenrat member he was deported in 1942.

An inhabitant of Adler's yard in Mila Street, who was taken away with his wife during the houses' blockade in Mila S...

A venereologist. Before the war he was a full-time doctor at the Polish State Railways (PKP). The Judenrat was force...

an active member of Society for the Protection of Animals; he refused to become a councillor until Society for the P...

Szef departamentu ekonomicznego Gminy, postać dobrze znana w kręgach żydowskich jeszcze przed wojną. Jako administra...

a barrister, Adler's friend, captured without an armband and, additionally, accused of legal practice forbidden for...

A dentist, Lola's brother, deported on 18 January 1943, beaten by the Germans, he escaped through the window in the...

a retired captain of the Polish Army, before the war the administrator of the night club Promenada and one more on t...

In the Warsaw Ghetto from 1940 to 1942. Then she lived on the "Aryan side" on "Aryan" papers. Af...

Adler's friend, in his flat Adler got acquainted with B. who was an insurance agent

In the Warsaw Ghetto together with her mother and older sister. Hid on the 'Aryan side'. The Bermans help her find t...

She was in the Warsaw Ghetto together with her mother and little sister. Died in the ghetto or in Treblinka with her...

the gets baptised at the beginning of the war; he starts working for the Jewish Police at the beginning of November...

Chaim's wife - a pre-war 'Hajnt' magazine journalist and post-war activist of the World Jewish Congress in the USA;...

An engineer, a son of a very wealthy industrialist from Bedzin. Hendel's assistant. Treated Hendel with great servil...

a rabbi, professor, head of the Files Department; he writes a book on Jews in Nazis' reign; he gets a permission to...

A member of the Legal Commission of the Judenrat- he dealt with cases concerning philanthropy. An employee of the Ho...

Candidate for the position of the head of the Order Service (Jewish police), rejected due to bad health. The head of...

A member of the Jewish Coordinating Committee (ZKK) on the 'Aryan side'.

Tenenbaum's assistant, at Czerniakow's private office. Shorthand typist, deals with most confidential documents. Inu...

A prosecutor, one of the most famous ghetto lawyers.

An editor, Adler met him accidentally on 24 January 1943. He offered Adler financial help on the 'Aryan' side.

Konheim's confidant, an informer who carefully watched the actions of the new Order Service (Jewish police) board.

An actor, famous for his sharp tongue and for imitating Wiech's satiric style in his jokes about Jews. He worked for...

He was Adler's subordinate in the office. He committed suicide by turning the gas on, his body was found in Fabian's...

His body was found in Fabian's G. flat.

She was caught together with Fiszhaut, but he helped her to escape from the railway carriage, that they were transpo...

Commander of one of the districts. One of the few who did not take part in sharing illegal profits from smuggling ('...

The Jewish Police secretary. During the blockade of the Jewish Police headquarters, she managed to hide and was not...

An insurance agent of 'Riunione Generali'. Adler met him during summer of 1940, by his friend M. Funkel. He offered...

A singer, she often sang her compositions in artistic evenings on the sixth floor of Adler's house.

A pianist living on the sixth floor of Adler's house, always ready to play any compositions on the piano, especially...

One of Szerynski's people in the Order Service (Jewish police). Short aftef his admission he made an offensive again...

head of the 'Thirteen' Tribunal. At a table laden with food in 'Adas' he spoke with his clients about the terms of t...

Adler's neighbour. manages to escape from the convoy, but finds his flat totally plundered. Has no money to provide...

Gotlieb's brother-in-law, dealt with notarial matters in the Legal Department

Konheim's confidant, an informer who closely watches the actions of the new board of Jewish Police led by Adler. He...

A pianist living on the sixth floor in Adler's house, there was a piano standing there and he was always ready to pl...

district prosecutor - becomes Minister of Justice. He tries to support his friends - Goldsztajn among others.

Undertaker, thanks to his cunning he succeeded in running away form a column of those led to the Umschlag. He had ju...

A worker of a public printing house. She tells with terror about the fate of the ones taken from the other houses in...

a venereologist, one of the doctors from the former section of the Polish Red Cross, who had declared his willingnes...

Adler meets him on prof. Cybichowski's seminar - they make friends. Member of the legal department. He often chairs...

A famous Jewish lawyer, he leaves Warsaw looking for a shelter.

Höfle's assistant; he helps to carry out the deportation action in the Warsaw ghetto

SS-Oberscharfuhrer; Szerynski reports to him

A cashier in the Judenrat. Uncle W. stood up for him. When there was no money in the Judenrat budget he made sure th...

head of Zofiowka (sanatorium for mentally ill patients in Otwock)

actor performing in 'Femina'. In his jokes he mocks members of the 'Thirteen'.

a Judenrat member, he is against activity of non-doctors in the public sector of health care; deported 18 January 1943

A lawyer from Berlin, became a commissar who was supposed to confirm all the administrative decisions taken in the g...

Barrister, Jewish Police (Order Service) officer. Szrynski appointed him head of the Organizational Section of the S...

singer performing in ghettos' cabarets, famous for her amazing voice and the choice of the repertoire

Barrister, legal advisor of the Central Union of Polish Industry. Member of the Bar Association several times. 'Cari...

A doctor and a scientist who studied the influence of hunger on the human organism. Before the war, assistant of pro...

One of the chief editors of 'Nasz Przeglad'.

Stanislaw Adler's brother, a councillor deported in 1942.

Before the war he did business in South Africa. In the ghetto he was engaged in smuggling. He considerably contribut...

She managed to escape in the turmoil, she hid with her children for 4 years in a former hideout and after some time...

He was taken with his brother and father on 18 January 1943. Dies during the transport.

an acquaintance whom Adler meets in the building of the Legal Department, persuades him to join the Jewish Police wh...

Professor, licenced estate agent of the Aryan houses matters in the ghetto. German professor at J. Pilsudski's Unive...

A Transferstelle captain.

a high-ranking Jewish Police officer; previously a captain in the Polish Army; together with another officer he took...

A lawyer, asks the Judenrat not to act as an agent in his transaction of purchasing larger lots in the ghetto. Loses...

A dangerous criminal, avoided being dismissed from the service thanks to his contacts. Jewish Police captain. Fleisc...

An engineer, Jurga- Błaszkowski's deputy.

a baker in District I

One of the first members of the legal department.

The head of the General Secretariat of the Judenrat, quits the post after the scandal concerning Ettinger's nominati...

A doctor. Her husband was shot by Germans, she managed to escape, but was shot in the knee. It was difficult to say...

A managing director. Lived in a house owned by Adler. When he went out onto the stairs to see what was going on he w...

a well-known Jewish barrister, he leaves Warsaw looking for shelter.

Made lots of money together with Kohn by releasing arrested Jews from prison and by canceling confiscations of money...

In charge of hundred-people branch of the Judenrat police, superintendent of the Jewish Police. In 1940, a letter ac...

Before the war he got a nickname - "Satan." Head of the VI district, hates Nazi Germany but believes in th...

A professor, head of the Health Commission, became Christian. Together with Adler he takes part in discussion group'...

An SS-Hauptsturmführer, trained a special group of the Gestapo from Lublin to carry out a deportation action in the...

Grew up in a Yiddish-speaking family. Before the war worked in the Education Department. The head of the General Sec...

A Chemistry professor, he heads the committee which was in charge of detecting frauds in baking - such as adding tal...

An engineer, the chairman of the Judenrat. During the Sachenhaus's case he gets kidnapped by the Gestapo and severel...

Detektyw, później reporter kryminalny „Naszego Przeglądu”. Ma wysoko postawionych znajomych w Al.Szucha. Szef Sekcji...

Before the war she let a flat to Stanislaw Adler, she sends him parcels with potatoes, sometimes sausage could be fo...

An engineer, living in Adler's house, every day he tells the radio news to all the residents.

Engineer; an officer of the Polish police; he dealt with the registration of corpses and documented the non-Catholic...

a high-ranking Judenrat official

A law professor, later a zealous follower of Nazism. He is known for accepting bribes from students for giving them...

one of the directors of the Fuel Commision [of the Judenrat], converted

After Szerynski takes office he becomes his adjutant. Szereszynski's assistant dealing with personal matters. He als...

before the war a medicine student and sales representative. One of Szerynski's people in the Jewish Police. Later he...

Zeldewiczowa former patients' family. They hid with Adler in their villa in Anin.

A doctor, lived in Bonifraterska Street. Adler and Zeldowiczowa waited at his place during their escape to the "...

A writer, she was taken away during the blockade of the houses at Mila Street, 18 January 1943. She dies while being...

The director of the Reserve Company, at the same time he lectured on the ironwork and led automobile courses in the...

Presumably Chaim Finkielsztejn's sister. In the Warsaw Ghetto with her husband Abram and daughter Nechama. They live...

The author of many religious books; after the escalation of the wave of anti-Semitism becomes a judge.

Judenrat member, representative of the Union of Merchants. The head of the Complaints Section. He was the head of th...

Judenrat Personnel chief

the author of the note on Adler in his memoirs editions - Jerusalem 1982; in autumn 1941 she spent a few days at Zof...

A German, the citizen of Warsaw from a famous family. He managed the Labour Office.

the Superintendent of the Polish police, after Szerynski became the head of the Jewish police (Order Service) he was...

She was smotherd by comrades in the hideout when, having noticed approaching Ukrainians, she started to scream.

Chairman of the Jewish Production (Wytworczosc Zydowska) company

Comes to the hideout with three children

during the blockade on 18 January 1943 she managed to hide, after some time she joins those hiding in Adler's house

a prewar nickname 'Josel Kapote', he lives in Nolowipki Street. For 3,500 zlotys he can help Adler's uncle to get ou...

A councillor and publisher's son, he was in charge of the department, whose task was to raise funds for hospitals. H...

Mieczyslaw Ettinger's father

Just before the war he is a outstanding, best in disciplinary matters - considered the best specialist in Poland. He...

A German gendarme, stands at the post in Zamenhofa Street; during his duty it was impossible to pass, because he use...

before the war - the administrator of a textile factory in Lodz; a former Chemistry student; at soirees on the sixth...